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| Links to related material and teachers' resources | |
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Travelling waves, superposition, reflection and transmission
Wave pulses in a stretched string. Equations for a travelling wave. Linear media. Superposition. The limits of linearity. Reflections at fixed and free boundaries. Reflection and transmission at step changes in density. |
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| The travelling sine wave Describing the travelling sine wave. Comoving and fixed coordinates. y = sin (kx − ωt). Three dimensional plots. Phases in a travelling wave. |
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Plucked vs bowed strings. Mode diagrams and harmonics. Harmonic tuning on guitars. Touch fourths and natural harmonics. |
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| Physics of the sound wave. Wave equation. Acoustic impedance
Displacement, compression and pressure. Newton's second law and acceleration. The wave equation for sound. Speed of sound. Acoustic impedance. |
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| Open vs closed pipes (Flutes vs clarinets)
Reflection at open and closed ends. Mode diagrams for open-open and open-closed pipes. The harmonic series for flutes and clarinets. End effects. Real instruments and further complications. |
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The stick-slip cycle and Helmholtz motion. String speed at different positions. Bow force limits. |
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A web site introducing the physics of various instrument families, including the voice, and a range of related material. |
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| Downloads (thumbnails at 50% of size of animation) |
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Download (original flash file) |
Download (original flash file) |
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Download (original flash file) |
Download (original flash file) |
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Download (original flash file) |
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